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Compare New Caledonia (2002) - Arctic Ocean (2008)

Compare New Caledonia (2002) z Arctic Ocean (2008)

 New Caledonia (2002)Arctic Ocean (2008)
 New CaledoniaArctic Ocean
Administrative divisions none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 provinces named Iles Loyaute, Nord, and Sud -
Age structure 0-14 years: 30% (male 31,862; female 30,577)


15-64 years: 64.1% (male 67,043; female 66,102)


65 years and over: 5.9% (male 5,777; female 6,497) (2002 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products vegetables; beef, deer, other livestock products -
Airports 29 (2001) -
Airports - with paved runways total: 9


over 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 6


under 914 m: 2 (2002)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 21


914 to 1,523 m: 12


under 914 m: 9 (2002)		 -
Area total: 19,060 sq km


land: 18,575 sq km


water: 485 sq km		 total: 14.056 million sq km


note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative slightly smaller than New Jersey slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US
Background Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s seems to have dissipated. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean.
Birth rate 19.91 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Budget revenues: $861.3 million


expenditures: $735.3 million, including capital expenditures of $52 million (1996 est.)		 -
Capital Noumea -
Climate tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow
Coastline 2,254 km 45,389 km
Constitution 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) -
Country name conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies


conventional short form: New Caledonia


local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances


local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie		 -
Currency Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF); note - may adopt the euro in 2003 -
Death rate 5.62 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Debt - external $79 million (1998 est.) -
Dependency status overseas territory of France since 1956 -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of France) -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of France) -
Disputes - international Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Economic aid - recipient $880 million annual subsidy from France -
Economy - overview New Caledonia has about 25% of the world's known nickel resources. In recent years, the economy has suffered because of depressed international demand for nickel, the principal source of export earnings. Only a small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, the substantial financial support from France and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. The situation in 1998 was clouded by the spillover of financial problems in East Asia and by lower prices for nickel. Nickel prices jumped in 1999-2000, and large additions were made to capacity. Strikes in the building industry in 2001, which lasted four months, adversely affected many other sectors of the economy. French Government interests in the New Caledonian nickel industry are being transferred to local ownership. Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.
Electricity - consumption 1.455 billion kWh (2000) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) -
Electricity - production 1.565 billion kWh (2000) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 78%


hydro: 22%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mont Panie 1,628 m		 lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m


highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack
Ethnic groups Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3% -
Exchange rates Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 135.04 (January 2002), 133.26 (2001), 129.44 (2000), 111.93 (1999), 107.25 (1998), 106.11 (1997); note - linked at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro -
Executive branch chief of state: President of France Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Commissioner Daniel CONSTANTIN (since 3 July 2002)


head of government: President of the Government Pierre FROGIER (since 5 April 2001)


cabinet: Consultative Committee


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the government elected by the members of the Territorial Congress; note - last election held 28 November 2002 when Pierre FROGIER was reelected		 -
Exports $400 million f.o.b. (2000) -
Exports - commodities ferronickels, nickel ore, fish -
Exports - partners Japan 25.8%, France 18.8%, Taiwan 12%, Australia 8.2%, US 3.0% (1999) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description the flag of France is used -
GDP purchasing power parity - $3.1 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 5%


industry: 30%


services: 65% (1997 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $15,000 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 2.1% (2000 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 21 30 S, 165 30 E 90 00 N, 0 00 E
Geography - note consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the Pacific Ocean), the archipelago of Iles Loyaute, and numerous small, sparsely populated islands and atolls major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months
Heliports 5 (2002) -
Highways total: 4,825 km


paved: 2,287 km


unpaved: 2,538 km (1999)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 -
Imports $1 billion f.o.b. (2000) -
Imports - commodities transport equipment, machinery and electrical equipment, fuels, minerals, wine, sugar, rice -
Imports - partners France 50.2%, Australia 15.1%, Singapore 5.9%, New Zealand 5.2%, Japan 3.7% (1999) -
Independence none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014 -
Industrial production growth rate -0.6% (1996) -
Industries nickel mining and smelting -
Infant mortality rate 8.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.3% (2000 est.) -
International organization participation ESCAP (associate), FZ, ICFTU, SPC, WFTU, WMO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 160 sq km (1991) -
Judicial branch Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court -
Labor force 79,395 (including 15,018 unemployed, 1996) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 7%, industry 23%, services 70% (1999 est.) -
Land boundaries 0 km -
Land use arable land: 0.38%


permanent crops: 0.33%


other: 99.29% (1998 est.)		 -
Languages French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects -
Legal system the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands; formerly under French law -
Legislative branch unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres Territorial (54 seats; members are members of the three Provincial Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 9 May 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPCR 24, FLNKS 12, UNI 6, FCCI 4, FN 4, Alliance pour la Caledonie 3, LKS 1


note: New Caledonia elects 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 2001 (next to be held NA September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; New Caledonia also elects 2 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 and 16 June 2002 (next to be held 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 73.27 years


male: 70.32 years


female: 76.36 years (2002 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 91%


male: 92%


female: 90% (1976 est.)		 -
Location Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle
Map references Oceania Arctic Region
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM		 -
Merchant marine total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,261 GRT/1,600 DWT


ships by type: cargo 1


note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Malaysia 1 (2002 est.)		 -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France -
Military branches no regular indigenous military forces; French Armed Forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie); Police Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $192.3 million (FY96) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 5.3% (FY96) -
National holiday Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) -
Nationality noun: New Caledonian(s)


adjective: New Caledonian		 -
Natural hazards cyclones, most frequent from November to March ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May
Natural resources nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Raphael MAPOU]; Front National or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS [Rock WAMYTAN] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE and Elie POIGOUNE]; Rally for Caledonia in the Republic or RPCR [Jacques LAFLEUR]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; note - may no longer exist, but Paul NEAOUTYINE has since become a president of Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Victor TUTUGORO] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 207,858 (July 2002 est.) -
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 1.43% (2002 est.) -
Ports and harbors Mueo, Noumea, Thio -
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Radios 107,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km (2002) -
Religions Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10% -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female


total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2002 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 47,000 (1997) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 13,040 (1998) -
Television broadcast stations 6 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1997) -
Terrain coastal plains with interior mountains central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that, on average, is about 3 meters thick, although pressure ridges may be three times that thickness; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)
Total fertility rate 2.44 children born/woman (2002 est.) -
Transportation - note - sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways
Unemployment rate 19% (1996) -
Waterways none -
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